Control Flow

If / Else

Conditional branching with if, else if, and else:

i32 classify(i32 x) {
    if (x > 10) {
        return 1;
    } else if (x > 3) {
        return 2;
    } else {
        return 3;
    }
}

Conditions must be in parentheses. Bodies require braces.

For Loop

C-style for loops with init, condition, and increment:

i32 main() {
    i32 mut sum = 0;
    for (i32 mut i = 0; i < 10; i = i + 1) {
        sum = sum + i;
    }
    return sum;  // 45
}

While Loop

Repeats while the condition is true:

i32 main() {
    i32 mut x = 1;
    while (x < 100) {
        x = x * 2;
    }
    return x;  // 128
}

Do-While Loop

Executes the body at least once, then checks the condition:

i32 main() {
    i32 mut x = 10;
    do {
        x = x + 1;
    } while (x < 5);
    return x;  // 11 (body runs once even though 10 >= 5)
}

Switch

Match a value against multiple cases:

i32 main() {
    i32 x = 2;
    switch (x) {
        case 1:
            return 10;
        case 2:
            return 20;
        case 3:
            return 30;
        default:
            return 0;
    }
}

Break and Continue

break exits the current loop. continue skips to the next iteration:

i32 main() {
    i32 mut sum = 0;
    for (i32 mut i = 0; i < 10; i = i + 1) {
        if (i == 5) {
            continue;  // skip 5
        }
        if (i == 8) {
            break;     // stop at 8
        }
        sum = sum + i;
    }
    return sum;  // 0+1+2+3+4+6+7 = 23
}